History

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin.

The results of the present investigation show a considerable rise in circulating OPN in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. More importantly, the results of the current study indicate that OPN is a single predictor of NAFLD and T2DM and may help the metabolic condition get worse. To determine how OPN affects those with more severe metabolic abnormalities, such as NAFLD and T2DM, more research will need to be done.

In pathogenic and physiologically healthy conditions, the secreted protein osteopontin (OPN) has a range of roles in processes like biomineralization, tissue remodeling, and chronic inflammation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

Aim of study

The goal of the current investigation was to determine the clinical correlates of osteopontin levels in this cohort and the relationship between serum OPN concentration and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Method

Two groups of 80 Iraqi volunteers, aged 35 to 67 (46 men, 34 women), were formed: group (A) included 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver, while group (B) included 40 healthy controls. After an 8 to 12-hour fast, the patients' veins had approximately 5 ml of blood. Two portions of each blood sample were separated.

1. The initial 2 ml of whole blood were kept in EDTA tubes to be used for the NYCOCARDTM reader II's measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C).
2. the subsequent Three milliliters of blood were centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per minute for ten minutes to separate the blood into two aliquots that were then placed in Eppendorf tubes for the automated assays of lipid profile, FBS, GPT, GOT, albumin, and alkaline phosphate.

Following osteopontin and insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements, equation calculations of insulin resistance (IR) values for each sample and BMI measurements for each patient were performed.  

Result

The case group (A) in this study had significantly higher mean levels of FBS, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL than the controls group (B) did, according to the comparison of biochemical parameters between the two groups (A, B).

 (P≤ 0.05). At the same time, the case group's mean HDL level was noticeably lower than the controls. Osteopontin level in groups A higher than group B (control) means that OPN Markers to (NAFLD) and OPN are greatly increased in (NAFLD), which can be used to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus type 2 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and OPN. No significant difference (P≥ 0.05) was found in the mean levels of cholesterol, LDLc, and ALP between the studied groups.

Conclusion

All indicators were within the increased in the group of individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It may be argued that those measures serve as diagnostic signs for disease because the levels of (FBS, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-c, VLDL-c, ALT, AST, and ALP) were higher than in the control group.  The ideal Osteopontin cut-off value for the detection of non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus was 17.48 ng/ml. Osteopontin levels above 17.48 ng/ml are indicative of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly lower HDL-ch levels than those in good health. These results convince us that low HDL-ch levels are a significant factor in illness risk. Age may raise the likelihood of developing diabetes mellitus, according to the results of the osteopontin, insulin, and HOMA-IR study).