History

The research deals with the beginnings of the formation of the Bani Hasan tribe, its relative origins, the history of its migration to Iraq, its areas of settlement, its clans, its most prominent sheikhs, why the leadership belonged to Al Abbas, and the nature of its relationship with its neighboring tribes and the Ottoman administration until 1914 AD. The research concluded that the original Arab tribe of Bani Hasan settled in the regions of the Middle Euphrates after it moved between the regions of Basra, Diwaniyah and Muntafik and concentrated its presence in the Hindiya region between Hilla and Karbala as well as the neighboring regions. Its migration from the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq in the seventeenth century AD was mainly for social and economic reasons, as there were many clan conflicts in the Hijaz, its original homeland, and the harassment of the Wahhabis, in addition to the attractive factors in Iraq such as the availability of a suitable climate, water, pastures, and arable land. The Bani Hasan tribe did not distance itself from the collision with the policy of the Ottoman state and its administration in Iraq, and it entered into several clashes with the Ottoman administration in Iraq because of the large number of taxes, forced labor and recruitment, which affected the alliances that the Bani Hasan tribe entered into with other tribes and clans. The Bani Hasan tribe fought clan disputes with its neighboring tribes in most of the areas in which it settled in Iraq, in order to acquire more agricultural lands at the expense of other clans, taking advantage of their strength and large numbers of their members, and the weakness of those neighboring clans. In competition and conflict with the tribes of Al-Khazal and Al-Fatla, the results of that competition and conflict were in favor of the Bani Hasan tribe. The Bani Hasan tribe consisted of several clans, different in their relative origins, but united by the banner. Prince Abbas appeared as the most prominent leader of Bani Hasan and its chiefs, then Sheikh Sabbar bin Abbas bin Khalil bin Abbas Al-Kabir was able to unify the Bani Hasan alliance and moved him to the Al-Hindiya region and its vicinity, which was described as more suitable and secure for the stability of the Bani Hasan tribe before the outbreak of the First World War.).