Lahore Pregnancy Cohort Study: Association of Maternal Nutritional Status, Environmental Factors and Psychological Status with Neonatal Anthropometric Data and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pakistani Pregnant Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48047/HM.V8.I2.2022.774-785Keywords:
Maternal health, Neonatal Health, Nutritional status, Pregnancy, PakistanAbstract
Globally, the Maternal mortality rate is a high concern. In Pakistan, its prevalence rate is on the higher side than in other developing countries. Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor of public health significance that has a great effect on health throughout life especially in fetal growth and birth outcomes. The Lahore pregnancy cohort project aims to investigate the relationship between maternal nutritional status, environmental factors, psychological status, and neonatal anthropometric data as well as pregnancy outcomes among Pakistani pregnant women. A total of 227 normal pregnant women aged 19-40 were enrolled in the study. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, dietary and psychological data were obtained from direct measurements, questionnaires and hospital records. The findings revealed that most respondents were food-secure (100%) however mild depression was observed among the mothers. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, and dietary variables were associated with the prevalence of anemia. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of anemia at different points in pregnancy and post-partum, with mean Hb levels of 11.61 ± 1.05 (2nd trimester), 11.11 ± 1.62 (3rd trimester), and 10.41 ± 1.56 (post-partum). Insufficient dietary intake was observed with a higher reliance on supplements to meet nutritional needs. Dietary adequacy was found to be related to anthropometric measurements, with certain food items effecting differently. The study highlighted key issues related to maternal and infant health in Lahore, such as not consuming adequate serving sizes of fruits and vegetables, reliance on supplements, and negative associations between fat consumption and neonatal weight. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and dietary variables were found to be associated with anemia among pregnant women, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, overweight and obesity before pregnancy resulted in excessive weight gain among mothers throughout pregnancy and post-partum. It was also discovered that a mother's increased meat consumption had a negative correlation with her newborn's APGAR score. In conclusion, a pregnant woman's diet must be well-balanced and full of the nutrients that her body needs because it will have an impact on both the mother's and the newborn's health.
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